Allama Ibn-e-khaldun Or The famous theories and Services of Ibn-e-khaldun
(1) Introduction:
Sociology is a concerted study and these concepts are presented by social scientists among these social scientists Allama Ibn-e-khaldoon was one the great socialist, philosopher, thinker, writer and scholar of his age. He presented society as dynamic thing and presented his theories in his book “Mukadima”. This is an everlasting work of Allama Ibn-e-khaldoon which paved the way of research and social thoughts. Ibn-e-khaldoon presented the theory of Al-Asabiya. He divided the societies in different categories and presented the theory of social change.
(2) Who was Allama Ibn-e-khaldoon?
Allama Ibn-e-khaldoon was one of the most efficient scholar, thinker, writer, philosopher and sociologist in the Muslims world. The knowledge of sociology is in complete without the most famous sociologist, philosopher Allama Ibn-e-khaldoon. His full name is Muhammad Ibrahim bin Abdul Rehman. He was born in Tunis. He learnt holy Quran by heart and also had the great knowledge of Fiqa and Hadith. He was the first Muslim scientist who gave the idea Al-Asabiya theory. He also discussed the culture of society and presented the idea Badvi and Hazan lifestyle.
(3) Services rendered by Allama Ibn-e-khaldoon:
The great Muslim sociologist, thinker Allama Ibn-e-khaldoon presented various theories about society and social change among them. Following are the main services rendered by Allama Ibn-e-khaldoon:
(a) Concept of Al-Asabiya: (Social solidity theory)
According to Allama Ibn-e-khaldoon social solidity theory Al-Asabiya was one of the reasons of creation of society. This society later on transform to a state. According to this theory force is the uniting power to collect people. People united for the collection of force and making themselves strong to save themselves from external attacks.
(b)This theory was supported by many modern sociologists:
The modern sociologists think that the similar minds or joined for similar cases, so all persons who united for social salutatory creating their society.
(4) Theory of rural and urban society:
(a) Rural-Badvi:
The rural life of every society is very simple. All the members of rural life look after and help each other. Badvi life is very short life of people everyone know the each member of society. These people are strong, generous and well committed to each other. In rural life less people are educated their main aim of life is based on hardworking like farming, cultivation of crops and mostly people shepherd. They live in huts and mud houses, rural are very social in society. They are united to each other and they also work for others. There is no concept of selfishness’ so that they live a peaceful and tension free life.
(b) Urban-Hazri:
Urban life is totally different from rural life. There is a long distance in their life style. One of the great social thinkers Ibn-e-khaldoon presented the idea of urban life. He also creates the difference between them. In urban life people face different challenges. They are not well committed to each other. They get together in their social activities; even they do not know the problems and miseries of others also neighbors. Selfishness is presented in everyone. Sociologist thinker Ibn-e-khaldoon asked them that these people are weak people of society, because they are not hard work with their hands their work depends upon their education. They also face the health problems. Majority of the people are suffering from depression, because of their basic needs and jobs. Due to these causes criminals take birth in society, which disturb the peace of other innocent people. According Allama Ibn-e-khaldoon this is this is the difference between Badvi and Hazri life in society.
(5) Features of Badvi and Hazri life:
(a) Badvi life:
1. Tension free life
2. Poor education
3. Strong and brave
4. Less economy
5. Low crime
6. Social with each other
7. Fewer facilities
8. Employment high ratio
(b) Hazri life:
1. Always depression
2. Jobless people
3. Weak and selfishness
4. Large expenses
5. High crime ratio
6. Low social interaction
7. High facilities
8. Unemployment high ratio
(6) Social changes:
Man is a social animal. He cannot live alone. He lived always in gathered. In gathering he interact other people and interaction of people the society produced. According to Allama Ibn-e-khaldoon is ever changing and it is made by interaction of different people. In society different people type of are living but some people are living under the power of some high profile status for the safely of their life.. It will be a political party, police man and some criminals. These people use the power of these personalities to secure their life, property business and jobs. This method is known as social change in society. According to Ibn-e-khaldoon with the process of time the society will be still growing and updating due to environment.
(7) Features of social change:
1. Interconnect with each other
2. Political pressure in society
3. Criminals in society
4. Under the government power
5. Up and down is part of life
6. Social interaction with society
7. Get together with society members
8. Using power of high profile status
9.Change in society with rules and regulation
(8) Conclusion:
To conclude I can say that Allama Ibn-e-khaldoon was the great scholar, philosopher and social scientist. He presented society as a dynamic thing in his book “Mukadima”. There are many theories of Ibn-e-khaldoon but mostly use these three theories in the world. Al-Asabiya and divided into other categories. Badvi and Hazri life comparison and the main element of society is social change. According to Ibn-e-khaldoon with the passage of time the society will change and it will be still growing.
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