Crime, It's Types And the Methods of Prevention of Crime
(1) Introduction:
Every act which is prohibited by law and punishable by compliant authority is called crime. The word crime has been defined by various criminologists, jurists, political figures and social scientist. Simply it is an unrest or threat to society and social work. There violation are different types of crime like organized crime, cyber crimes, hyper crime, white collar crime , blue collar crime, pink collar crime, red collar crime, black collar crime etc. These crime are found everywhere in society. The law enforcing agencies have to adopt different tetchiness are differently applied on different crimes. After the detection of crime strategies are devised to prevent such crime. There are two types of crime prevention. The first one is short term crime prevention strategy. The second is long term crime strategy.
(2) What is crime?
(a) “Every act which is against society and law is called crime. A positive or negative act in violation of law is called crime. Prohibited acts and wrong expressions which take harmony are called crime”.
(b) “A positive or negative act in violation of law is called crime”.
(c) “Prohibited acts and wrong expression which takes harmony in society is called crime”.
(3) Other name of Crime:
a) Offense
b) Felony
c) Delinquency
d) Sin
e) Torts
f) Hazards
(4) What are the different types of crime?
(a) Organized crime:
In this crime two or more people involves illegal activities. Organized crime runs through head of team and works on transnational and national level. We can also call it associate mafia. For example Cargo, theft, fraud, robbery, kidnaps etc.
(b) Unorganized crime:
Unorganized crime which are not committed for a particular mission. Two people fighting and one kill another, pick pockets, two man quarrel with each another.
(c) Street crime:
Street crime is a loose term for any criminal offense in a public place. Street crime is often violence that occurs in a public area. Rape, Pickpockets, property crimes and robbery are the best examples of street crime.
(d) Juvenile delinquency:
A violation of law committed by young offenders is called juvenile delinquency. It may also we called youthful offender. The causes of juvenile delinquency are joint families, broken families, single parent families etc.
(e) Transnational crime:
Transnational crime offender well as significance fact two or more countries. These crimes of an involve border crossing. Examples of these crimes are money laundering, smuggling weapons etc.
(f) Grey collar crime:
Grey collar crime is a crime which is committed by elderly individuals, like people were retired. They have very educated, they have a lot of knowledge, they have licensed and have de-plumed etc.
Example: Pilots, police officers, military officers etc.
(g) White collar crime:
White collar crime is the involvement of persons in criminal matters to obtain illegal benefits through cheating and fraud. Money laundering, corporate fraud, securities fraud are the example of white collar crime.
(h) Blue collar crime:
Blue collar crime as those you expect of an individual in a lower social class. Generally deprived class of people commits these crimes. Blue collar criminals usually commits crime which include but not limited to, burglary, drug crime, assault, sexual assault, theft crime etc.
(i) Red collar crime:
White collar crime turns into red collar crime. The term “Red collar crime” has been used to describe white collar crimes that turn horribly violent, for example murder, assault, kidnapping etc. In short I can say that when white collar criminal turns violent to avoid detection becomes red collar criminal.
(j) Pink collar crime:
Pink collar crime is committed by female. It is related with the low and mid level female workers like book keepers, office manages. According to different perception these crimes are not just female oriented it may related with the type of crime, but these crimes are usually committed by females.
(k) Plaid collar crime:
Plaid collar crime are those crimes which involves the theft or related criminal offense that directly affects farm workers such as theft of crops, farm stocks, farm equipments. These crimes are committed against the farmers.
(l) Green collar crime:
This is no single vision to define the concept of green collar crime. Two major independent views exist.
1. Legalistic:
According to legalistic perspective, environmental crimes are violation of existing criminal laws designed to protect people the environment or both.
a) This definition would include crimes against workers such as occupational health and safety crimes.
b) As well as laws designed to protect nature and the environment.
2. Bio Centric approach
a) According to this approach environment harm is viewed as any human activity that disrupts a bio system.
b) Destroying plant and animal life.
3. Forms of green collar
a) Illegal logging
b) Illegal wildlife exports
c) Illegal fishing
d) Illegal dumping
e) Illegal polluting
(m) Black collar crime:
Black collar crimes committed by religious leaders/ members of the clergy. It is usually covered up by members of the religion in order to protect the faith by not exposing the hypocrisy of judgmental bigots. Example: When religion leaders provoke it followers on the basis of hate against the other cast follower.
(5) Detection of crime:
There are differ techniques to detect and investigate crime through applying these
techniques. Crime is prevented and criminals are punishes according to law. Detection of
crime is not new concept. Following are the main techniques of crime detection:
(a) Forensic investigation
(b) Crime detection
(c) Collection of evidence
(d) Collection of documents
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